Sometimes a decision depends onseveral conditions at once (for example: the customer is both over 18 and has an active subscription).

The three logical operators

and (and): returns True only if all the conditions are True. If one is False - everything falls.
or (or): returns True if at least one of the conditions is True. It’s False only if all conditions are False.
not (not): inverts the result. If True then False, and vice versa.

Full truth table

True  and True  -> True
True  and False -> False
False and True  -> False
False and False -> False

True  or True   -> True
True  or False  -> True
False or True   -> True
False or False  -> False

not True  -> False
not False -> True

Note about or: Python's or means "at least one", not "either one or the other but not both". Even when both sides are True, the result is True.

A boolean variable is already a condition

If a variable already holds True or False, there's no need to compare it to True:

has_license = True

print(has_license == True)   # works, but redundant
print(has_license)           # the correct way
print(not has_license)       # this is how you check the opposite case

Writing == True is considered bad style in Python, and style checkers (PEP 8) even flag it as a warning. Compare to True only when you're not sure the value is boolean.

Order of operations between operators

When you mix operators, Python evaluates them in a fixed order — first comparisons, then not, then and, and only at the end or:

price = 150
print(price < 100 or not price > 200)

Python reads this as follows: first the comparisons are computed - price < 100 is False and price > 200 is False. Then not False becomes True. And finally False or True gives True.

Note that not price > 200 means not (price > 200) and not (not price) > 200 - the comparison is always evaluated before the not.

Practical tip: when in doubt, add parentheses. (price < 100) or (not (price > 200)) behaves exactly the same way, and reads much more clearly.

Range check - a shortcut

Instead of x > 0 and x < 3 Python lets you write a range in one line, just like in math:

x = 5
print(x > 0 and x < 3)   # False
print(0 < x < 3)         # False - exactly the same thing

But you can’t shorten this to x > 0 and < 3. After and a complete condition must follow, with the variable name again.

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